What Is Research: The Principles and Processes

Research in Study: Definition

Research is the systematic process of collecting and evaluating info to increase our understanding of the phenomenon under study. It is the function of the scientist to contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon and to interact that comprehension to others. This chapter explains what research is and what it is not. 8 attributes of research exist. The procedure of research study as a helical cycle is discussed.

Research study is the examination of a particular subject using a range of trusted, scholarly resources. The three major goals of research study are developing facts, analyzing information, and reaching new conclusions. The 3 primary acts of researching are browsing for, reviewing, and assessing information.Learning what research is not may assist you completely comprehend the concept. Randomly choosing books from the library is not research, nor is surfing the Web. On the contrary, research study needs company, resourcefulness, reflection, synthesis, and above all, time.

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Studious questions or evaluation

Especially: examination or experimentation focused on the discovery and analysis of truths, modification of accepted theories or laws in the light of brand-new facts, or practical application of such brand-new or modified theories or laws 3. the collecting of details about a specific topic.

Research study is specified as the production of new understanding and/or the usage of existing understanding in a new and creative method so regarding generating brand-new concepts, approaches and understandings. This might consist of synthesis and analysis of previous research to the degree that it leads to new and creative outcomes. This definition of research study follows a broad idea of research and speculative advancement (R&D) as comprising of imaginative work carried out on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including understanding of humankind, culture and society, and the use of this stock of understanding to devise new applications This definition of research study encompasses pure and strategic basic research study, used research and speculative advancement. Applied research is an original investigation undertaken to acquire new knowledge but directed towards a specific, practical aim or objective (including a client-driven purpose).

Research is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase our understanding of the phenomenon under study. It is the function of the researcher to contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon and to communicate that understanding to others. This chapter explains what research is and what it is not. Eight characteristics of research are presented. The process of research as a helical cycle is discussed.

Characteristic of a good researcher

The researcher should be a creative and highly motivated individual, a good problem solver who sees problems as challenges to be overcome rather than avoided. They need to have a good appearance, since they will be representing the company with many outside agencies. They should be able to work as a member of a team and to take direction. A minimum educational qualification of a degree in a relevant field is often required. They should also possess excellent oral and written skills, being able to communicate easily, effectively, persuasively on the phone and in writing. Proven postgraduate research experience, a multidisciplinary academic background, good visual sense, demonstrable interest in interactive multimedia and basic word-processing skills are advantageous.

Classification of research by Methods

• What was? : Historical Research
• What is? : Descriptive Method
• Why? : Explanatory Method
• What will be? Experimental Method : Ex post Facto Research or Causal-Comparative Method

Characteristics of a Good Research

• Passion
• Patience
• Persistence
• Curiosity
• Skepticism/challenging/questioning
• Creativity
• Scholarship
• Focus
• Obsessive attention to detail

How to Formulate a Research Problem

Research is crucial to discovering new information. Perhaps the most important part of research is formulating a research problem. Formulating a research problem shows a researcher where previous researchers have been deficient and identifies avenues of study that have not yet been pursued. Researchers must be careful to formulate their research problems properly in order to make sure that their research intent is not ambiguous, and to make sure that the information obtained through the research is of significance.

Formulation of a problem is the first thing that people should learn before formulating a title for the research and before writing a research. Without a problem, there will be nothing to prove. It means, no problem = no research. Now, it doesn’t also necessarily mean that if you already have the problem, you are now ready to write a research. Problems must be critically formulated and must be approved first by the one handling the course.

There are problems that are very common and there are also problems that are not researchable for the students. There are problems that are not suited for undergraduate students because of the time it could take and there are also those problems that are not suited for the course. Problems must be chosen carefully. If you are in the medical field, as much as possible try to formulate problems that are related to medicine only and that you think are easy to research. Same goes with other courses like Psychology, Education, etc. problems must be related to the field of study that a person is taking.

People should also need to remember some things in formulating a problem. Is it feasible? Is it re-searchable? Is it ethical? Is it not expensive, etc. There are many things to consider before formulating a problem that is why a researcher must think critically. Researchers also need to be careful on picking a problem because sometimes problems formulated for a research have ethical/morale issues.

Reading different articles, journals, books and other thesis may help the researchers formulate a good problem. It is a must to practice this kind of technique, because it will really help researchers a lot.

Problems and titles of a research must be also very specific to avoid some problems during a research and much worst total revision.

Examples of formulated problems and title

Field of Psychology:

Problem: What is the effect of violent cartoon television series on children ages 4-6 years old? Title: The effects of violent cartoon television series on children ages 4-6 years old

(note: This are only samples so do not use the titles)

Medicine:

Problem: What is the effect of cigarette smoking on people who have asthma? Title: The effects of cigarette smoking on people who have asthma

Education:

Problem: What is the significance of a good classroom environment on students during examination? Title: Good classroom environment it’s significance on students during examination.

That’s all what i can share on formulating a problem. There are lots of problems to formulate and there are those that are really good ones. Just try to think and read some books and previously published thesis so that you can formulate a good problem of your own.

Test accommodations for special education (SP) and limited English proficient (LEP) students have attracted much attention recently, because proper accommodations promote inclusion and allow students to perform optimally. A meta-analysis of 30 research studies found empirical evidence supporting the position that, with appropriate accommodations, SP and LEP students can increase their scores on standardized achievement tests. Compared to conditions of no accommodation, students increased their scores by an average of 0.16 standard deviation. Relative to general education students, accommodated SP and LEP students demonstrated an average accommodation advantage of 0.10 standard deviation. Interpretations of these average effects require careful analyses because of the variety of accommodations, the specific status of the students, and the varying implementations of the accommodations.

Providing additional time or unlimited time is the most frequently investigated accommodation. Other accommodations investigated were assistive devices, presentation formats, response formats, test settings, radical accommodations, and combinations of accommodations. Age did not seem to be a factor; elementary and postsecondary students benefited from accommodations. Narrative descriptions are given of the situations in which positive and negative effects of accommodation appear to emerge. An appendix lists and summarizes the studies analyzed. (Contains 63 references.) (ERIC: Author/SLD)

Meta-Analysis

A widely-used research method in which 1) a systematic and reproducible search strategy is used to find as many studies as possible that address a given topic; 2) clear criterion are presented for inclusion/exclusion of individual studies into a larger analysis; 3) results of included studies are statistically combined to determine an overall effect (effect size) of one variable on another.

Abstract

Reviews 25 controlled studies comparing the progress of children with behavioral disorders* in different educational settings. Pupils in self-contained special programs displayed greater improvement in academic achievement than their counterparts in regular classes. However, the reverse pattern applied to changes in self-concept. Findings regarding behavioral improvement were more inconsistent. Follow-up data include enormous fluctuation in the success of special programs in assisting youngsters with behavioral disorders to reintegrate successfully into regular classes. Findings show that youngsters with behavioral disorders require more support than is available to the regular classroom teacher unassisted by at least * Best-Evidence Synthesis A research method that combines a meta-analytical approach to synthesizing quantitative findings with a narrative review of related qualitative studies.